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原文： Inversing matrices is a costly operation for shaders, so wherever possible try to avoid doing inverse operations since they have to be done on each vertex of your scene. For learning purposes this is fine, but for an efficient application you'll likely want to calculate the normal matrix on the CPU and send it to the shaders via a uniform before drawing (just like the model matrix). In the diffuse lighting section the lighting was fine because we didn't do any scaling on the object, so there was not really a need to use a normal matrix and we could've just multiplied the normals with the model matrix. If you are doing a non-uniform scale however, it is essential that you multiply your normal vectors with the normal matrix.